Heat treatment technology of aluminum pipe

Aluminum tube heat treatment technology is a process in which the metal workpiece is heated to a suitable temperature in a certain medium, maintained at this temperature for a certain time, and then cooled at different speeds. Heat treatment of aluminum tube is one of the most important processes in material production. Compared with other processing processes, heat treatment generally does not change the shape and overall chemical composition of the workpiece, but endows or improves the service performance of the workpiece by changing the internal microstructure of the workpiece or the chemical composition of the surface of the workpiece. It is characterized by improving the internal quality of the workpiece, which can not be observed by the naked eye.

Heat treatment technology aluminum tube refers to annealing, normalizing, quenching (solid solution) and tempering (aging):

• (1) Annealing refers to heating the workpiece to an appropriate temperature, adopting different holding time according to the material and the size of the workpiece, and then cooling slowly. Its purpose is mainly to reduce the hardness of the material and improve the plasticity, so as to facilitate subsequent processing, reduce residual stress and improve the uniformity of microstructure and components. Annealing can be divided into recrystallization annealing, stress relief annealing, spheroidization annealing, complete annealing and so on.

• (2) Normalizing is to heat the workpiece to a suitable temperature and then cool it in the air. The effect of normalizing is similar to annealing, but the microstructure is finer. It is often used to improve the cutting performance of materials, and sometimes used for the final heat treatment of some parts with low requirements.

• (3) Quenching refers to the rapid cooling of the workpiece in water, oil or other inorganic salt, organic aqueous solution quenching medium after heating and insulation.

• (4) After quenching, the material is an unbalanced structure, which is usually very hard and brittle. It needs to be kept warm for a long time at a temperature higher than room temperature and then cooled. This process is called tempering (aging).

Main Product

Aluminum pipe and aluminum alloy have unique physical and chemical functions. Its appearance is silver grey, low density, low resistivity and large linear expansion coefficient. 

Because aluminum has a face-centered cubic structure, there is no change in isomerism and “ductility brittleness”, it has excellent low-temperature resistance and can maintain excellent mechanical function at low temperatures. 

In addition, aluminum and aluminum alloys also have excellent corrosion resistance, high specific strength (intensity/density), and excellent reflectivity to heat and light. No spark and no magnetism during grinding.

Aluminum pipe and aluminum alloy are very simple to process and form. It can be made into a variety of products by casting, rolling, stamping, wire drawing, pressing, drawing and rolling. 

It can also be made into products of different shapes by hammering, forging and kneading. Aluminum and aluminum alloys are easy to machine and have high processing speed, which is also one of the important elements of using aluminum parts. 

The change range of mechanical function, electrochemical function, chemical or paint finishing of aluminum is also wide.

As can be seen from the above definition, whether annealing, normalizing, quenching or tempering, the workpiece shall be heated, insulated and cooled during heat treatment. 

Therefore, in metal heat treatment, heating speed, holding time and cooling speed become the most important process parameters in heat treatment process.

Among the “four fires”, quenching and tempering (aging) are most closely related, and they are often used together. However, in actual production, in order to save cost and improve production efficiency, on-line quenching is often used to replace quenching furnace quenching and natural aging is used to replace tempering for products with low performance requirements. For example, when extruding aluminum alloy 6061 aluminum pipe, due to the low quenching sensitivity of these alloys, silicon and magnesium dissolve quickly above the solid solution temperature. Therefore, supersaturated solid solution with large solid solution can also be obtained by air-cooled quenching when the outlet temperature of extruded material is higher than the solid solution temperature.

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